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A partir de 1573, con la fundación de Manila, la circulación de mercancías chinas por la ruta transpacífica puso en contacto a la dinastía Ming y al Imperio español. En consecuencia, muchas personas de la provincia de Fujian, especialmente de la ciudad de Zhangzhou, fueron a Manila y facilitaron el funcionamiento de la ciudad. Este trabajo examina las interacciones de los inmigrantes de Zhangzhou en Manila, centrándose en sus funciones y situaciones vitales en Parián, el barrio designado para los sangleys. En particular, se analiza la conversación diplomática relativa al Incidente de 1603 para dilucidar cómo percibían a los sangleys tanto la corte Ming como los gobernadores españoles. Los registros elaborados por las élites chinas, los nomenclátores locales y la correspondencia española revelan los conflictos y negociaciones entre el gobierno Ming y los funcionarios del Imperio español en torno a este asunto, así como las diferencias de puntos de vista locales y estatales. Aunque las contribuciones de los sangleys fueron reconocidas y utilizadas para promover la superioridad moral de ambos bandos, ni la corte china ni el gobierno español las tuvieron seriamente en cuenta. Los sangley ofrecen una perspectiva única del posicionamiento de estas dos potencias estatales: Cada uno deseaba mantener una relación pacífica, pero al mismo tiempo adoptaron una postura cautelosa. Este estudio ilumina algunas de las conexiones y conflictos que surgieron durante la temprana globalización moderna.
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