La fundación de la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) y la educación rural en el estado de Tamaulipas, 1921-1943

Abstract

The objective of this research is to analyze federal educational action in rural areas in the state of Tamaulipas, an entity located in the northeast of Mexico, which has been little addressed by historiography. The study covers from 1921, the year of the creation of the SEP and the beginning of the administrative reform of educational centralization, a process that was developed differently in each of the states. In 1923 the first federal actions arrived, and in 1925 the governor made the first steps. In 1936, the Agreement for the Unification and Coordination of educational services was signed between the government of the state of Tamaulipas and the federation through the SEP. In 1943, the Education Federalization Agreement was renewed. By that year, the state and national educational system had already been consolidated with the construction of a network of rural schools. For this, the territorial advance of the federal rural school and the distribution of rural primary schools of the state government are analyzed. The work carried out by the SEP was complementary, not without highlighting the local initiative of the educational agents.

The methodology used for the study was based on the approach of the regional history of education, which aims to recover educational experiences from the regions, their contexts and educational actors (Martínez and Padilla, 2006). The work is documented with files from the SEP Fund, in the General Archive of Mexico; government and photographic reports.